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  2. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    Another very simple implementation technique, usable when the keys are restricted to a narrow range, is direct addressing into an array: the value for a given key k is stored at the array cell A[k], or if there is no mapping for k then the cell stores a special sentinel value that indicates the lack of a mapping. This technique is simple and ...

  3. Null coalescing operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_coalescing_operator

    The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.

  4. List of programming languages by type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming...

    Server-side embedded languages are much more flexible, since almost any language can be built into a server. The aim of having fragments of server-side code embedded in a web page is to generate additional markup dynamically; the code itself disappears when the page is served, to be replaced by its output.

  5. Universally unique identifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier

    Version 7 UUIDs (UUIDv7) are designed for keys in high-load databases and distributed systems. UUIDv7 begins with a 48 bit big-endian Unix Epoch timestamp with approximately millisecond granularity. The timestamp can be shifted by any time shift value. Directly after the timestamp follows the version nibble, that must have a value of 7.

  6. Foreign key - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_key

    A foreign key is a set of attributes in a table that refers to the primary key of another table, linking these two tables. In the context of relational databases, a foreign key is subject to an inclusion dependency constraint that the tuples consisting of the foreign key attributes in one relation, R, must also exist in some other (not necessarily distinct) relation, S; furthermore that those ...

  7. Object database - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_database

    An object database stores complex data and relationships between data directly, without mapping to relational rows and columns, and this makes them suitable for applications dealing with very complex data. [19] Objects have a many-to-many relationship and are accessed by the use of pointers. Pointers are linked to objects to establish ...

  8. Stack Overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_Overflow

    Stack Overflow is written in C# using the ASP.NET MVC (Model–View–Controller) framework, and Microsoft SQL Server for the database [38] and the Dapper object-relational mapper used for data access. [39]

  9. Web development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_development

    A key element of server-side programming is server-side scripting, which allows the server to react to client requests in real time. Some popular server-side languages are: PHP: PHP is a widely used, open-source server-side scripting language. It is embedded in HTML code and is particularly well-suited for web development.