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The concept of street-level bureaucracy was first coined by Michael Lipsky in 1969, [2] who argued that "policy implementation in the end comes down to the people [(the street-level bureaucrats)] who actually implement it". However, the process of street-level bureaucracy has been around for a much longer period.
The concept of street-level bureaucracy was popularized by Michael Lipsky in 1980. He argued that "policy implementation in the end comes down to the people who actually implement it". [2] He argued that state employees such as police and social workers should be seen as part of the "policy-making community" and as exercisers of political power.
Street-level bureaucrats have to deal with the provision of service as well as translating vaguely worded mandates into specific cohesive and comprehensive language to organize protocol. [ 3 ] Administrative discretion allows agencies to use professional expertise and judgment when making decisions or performing official duties, as opposed to ...
Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
For example, state school districts must adhere to laws set forth at the federal level such as non-discrimination against race and religion and disabilities. PHOTO: Stock photo of a teacher giving ...
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
QUESTION: Richard Burr is up for re-election in 2010. Do you think he should be re-elected to a new six year term, or is it time for someone new?
A man wanted for questioning in the death of a woman set ablaze on a subway train is seen in a combination of still images from surveillance video in New York City on Dec. 22, 2024.