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  2. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes.

  3. Butterfly valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_valve

    The butterfly valve has been in use since the late 18th century. James Watt used a butterfly valve in his steam engine prototypes. With advances in material manufacturing and technology, butterfly valves could be made smaller and withstand more-extreme temperatures.

  4. Process flow diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_flow_diagram

    A PFD can be computer generated from process simulators (see List of Chemical Process Simulators), CAD packages, or flow chart software using a library of chemical engineering symbols. Rules and symbols are available from standardization organizations such as DIN, ISO or ANSI. Often PFDs are produced on large sheets of paper.

  5. List of valves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valves

    The inside of an extremely large butterfly valve Duplex ball valve Three check valves in corrosion-resistant Hastelloy Stainless steel gate valve. Valves can be categorized into the following types, based on their operating mechanism: Ball valve, for on–off control without pressure drop. Ideal for quick shut-off, since a 90° turn completely ...

  6. Instrumentation in petrochemical industries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_in...

    Valves are actuated by an electric motor, hydraulic fluid or air. For air-operated control valves, electrical signals from the control system are converted to an air pressure for the valve actuator in a current/pneumatic I/P converter. Upon loss of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure valves may fail to an open (FO) or fail to a closed (FC) position.

  7. Pipe marking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_marking

    Ships and marine facilities must conform to an international standard for piping systems identification. This is ISO 14726:2008 Ships and marine technology — Identification colours for the content of piping systems. [13] This is a two-colour banded marking system. The main colour shows what the fluid is being used for.

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    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Valve actuator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_actuator

    The blue valve body is visible in-line with the pipe. The valve actuator opens or closes the butterfly disc of the valve based on electrical signals sent to the actuator. Another valve actuator is visible in the background, with windows to indicate the valve position. A valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually ...