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Evidence supports the rules as an accurate instrument for excluding fractures of the ankle and mid-foot, reducing the number of unnecessary investigations and length of stay in emergency departments. [3] The original study reported that the test was 100% sensitive and reduced the number of ankle X-rays by 36%. [4]
A bimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. Studies have shown [ 1 ] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities.
[1] [2] Types of ankle fractures include lateral malleolus, medial malleolus, posterior malleolus, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar fractures. [1] The Ottawa ankle rule can help determine the need for X-rays. [2] Special X-ray views called stress views help determine whether an ankle fracture is unstable. Treatment depends on the fracture type.
A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia, which can be termed the posterior malleolus. The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation. [1]
A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. [2] It is thus a form of child bone fracture. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures. [3]
Malleolar fractures are related to ankle twisting or shearing injury, these fractures are often associated with ligament injury. [18] An ankle sprain can lead to a spectrum of soft tissue impingement reducing motion in the ankle.
medial malleolus occasionally fractured; usually stable: occasionally nonetheless requires an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) particularly if medial malleolus fractured; Type B. Fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis. Typical features: at the level of the ankle joint, extending superiorly and laterally up the fibula
Bone healing, or fracture healing, is a proliferative physiological process in which the body facilitates the repair of a bone fracture. Generally, bone fracture treatment consists of a doctor reducing (pushing) displaced bones back into place via relocation with or without anaesthetic, stabilizing their position to aid union, and then waiting ...
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