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The polysomnogram also helps to detect other possible sleep disorders that could cause daytime sleepiness. [citation needed] The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a brief questionnaire that is administered to determine the likelihood of the presence of a sleep disorder, including narcolepsy. [46]
The first book on sleep [citation needed] was published in 1830 by Robert MacNish; it described sleeplessness, nightmares, sleepwalking and sleep-talking. Narcolepsy, hypnogogic hallucination, wakefulness and somnolence were mentioned by other authors of the nineteenth century.
Sleep disorders including sleep apnea have become an important health issue in the United States. Twenty-two million Americans have been estimated to have sleep apnea, with 80% of moderate and severe OSA cases undiagnosed. [117] OSA can occur at any age, but it happens more frequently in men who are over 40 and overweight. [117]
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
The two last categories (i.e. sleep disorders associated with disorders classified elsewhere and psychiatric disorders frequently encountered in the differential diagnosis of sleep disorders) are presented in the appendices and count 13 diagnostics. [7] In 2006, a pocket version of the ICSD-2 was released.
narcolepsy, periodic limb movement disorder, restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea syndrome, sleep state misperception, psychophysiologic insomnia, recurrent hypersomnia, post-traumatic hypersomnia, central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, Extrinsic sleep disorders – 13 disorders recognized, including [1]: 16
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