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Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast. Volume 14. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004. ISBN 0-16-072300-0. Swanton, John Reed. Source material on the history and ethnology of the Caddo Indians. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-8061-2856-6.
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.They speak the Caddo language.. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. [2]
Sagamité is a Native American stew made from hominy, cornmeal, or Indian corn [1] [2] and grease (from animal fat). Additional ingredients may include vegetables, wild rice, brown sugar, beans, smoked fish or animal brains. [1] [2] Caddo sagamité was thick soup made from corn flour, that had
The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma (previously known as the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma) reorganized and set up a constitutional government in the 20th century and is a federally recognized tribe. A tribal constitution provides for an elected tribal council of eight members with a chairperson. The tribe is based in Binger, Oklahoma. [14]
The Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana (also known as Adai Caddo Indian Nation of Louisiana and the Adai Caddo Tribe) is a state-recognized tribe in Louisiana [1] and 501(c)(3) organization in Robeline, Louisiana. [5] Its members identify as descendants of the Adai people. [6] [7] [8] The chief is John Mark Davis, as of 2023. [9] [4]
The Natchitoches (/ ˈ n æ k ə t ɪ ʃ / NAK-ə-tish; Caddo: Náshit'ush) [1] are a Native American tribe from Louisiana and Texas.They organized themselves in one of the three Caddo-speaking confederacies along with the Hasinai (between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas), and Kadohadacho (at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana).
The people of the Belcher site were full-time agriculturalist, who grew a variety of domesticated plants. Food remains found include maize and beans. They also collected a variety of wild foodstuffs such as hickory nuts, persimmon seeds, and pecans. Mussel, gar, catfish, buffalo, sheepshead, bowfin, and turtle were taken from the local waterways.
Some settled on the Brazos Indian Reservation in present-day Young County, Texas, and were removed with the Caddo to Indian Territory. [6] [2] The remaining Bidai formed one village about 12 miles from Montgomery, Texas, [1] growing corn and picking cotton for hire in the mid-19th century.