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Consisting mainly of clay, sand and possibly straw, they are a 100% renewable product and contain no harmful substances. Compared to other wall coverings, they are less toxic and energy-intensive, as little energy is required in extraction, production and processing, making them attractive to environmentally conscious people.
Soils with low clay content, or with no more than 15% non-expansive clay, are suitable for stabilized earth. [20] The clay percentage may be reduced by adding sand, if available. [ 21 ] If there is more than 15% clay it may take more than 10% cement to stabilize the soil, which adds to the cost. [ 20 ]
Rammed earth walls are formed in place by pounding damp sub-soil (containing sand, clay and sometimes gravel) into movable, reusable forms with manual or machine-powered tampers. In traditional rammed earth, a mixture of around 70% aggregate (gravel, sand) and 30% clay is optimal. Pigmentation may be added in the mix to achieve the desired color.
An earthen floor. An earthen floor, also called an adobe floor, is a floor made of dirt, raw earth, or other unworked ground materials. It is usually constructed, in modern times, with a mixture of sand, finely chopped straw and clay, mixed to a thickened consistency and spread with a trowel on a sub-surface such as concrete.
Wattles forms the basis of wattle and daub, a composite building material used for making walls, in which wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw. Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years, and is still an important construction material in many parts ...
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The earth used for building ceramic houses is essentially a type of adobe with a higher clay content and fewer impurities. The earth and water are mixed until the substance has "the consistency of bread dough" [3] The clay/earth mixture is worked into forms, and the blocks dry over a period of one to two weeks.
"Cob stitch" repair on old traditional cob cottage in Devon, England Maison de Jeanne, Sévérac-le-Château.Timber and cob construction. Cob is an English term attested to around the year 1600 [3] for an ancient building material that has been used for building since prehistoric times.