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  2. Pope Pius IX and the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX_and_the...

    Pius IX is the father of much of the modern American church structure by creating many existing dioceses and archdioceses in the U.S. such as the Roman Catholic Dioceses of Portland, Springfield, Illinois, Burlington, Cleveland, Columbus, Galveston-Houston, Providence, Fort Wayne-South Bend, Kansas City in Kansas, Saint Paul and Minneapolis, San Francisco, Seattle, San Antonio and others. [3]

  3. Pope Pius IX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX

    Pope Pius IX approved on 7 February 1847 the unanimous request of the American bishops that the Immaculate Conception be invoked as the Patroness of the United States of America. Beginning in October 1862, the Pope began sending public letters to Catholic leaders in the United States calling for an end to the "destructive Civil War ."

  4. Popes during the Age of Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popes_during_the_Age_of...

    During the reigns of Pope Leo XII (1823–9) and Pope Gregory XVI (1831–46), Rome became strongly identified with the anti-liberal sentiments of most of the ruling European houses of the day. The election of Pope Pius IX in 1846 seemed to promise a less reactionary papacy.

  5. Cincinnati riot of 1853 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_riot_of_1853

    Unfortunately, Bedini lacked tact and experience in diplomacy and was already despised by many Americans for his minor role in helping the Pope Pius IX defeat the Roman Republic during the Italian revolution of 1848. [3] John Baptist Purcell, Archbishop of Cincinnati. At the time of Bedini's visit, anti-Catholic feelings were strong in Cincinnati.

  6. Vatican during the Savoyard era (1870–1929) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_during_the_Savoyard...

    Pope Pius IX (1846–1878), under whose rule the Papal States passed into secular control.. Vatican during the Savoyard era describes the relation of the Vatican to Italy, after 1870, which marked the end of the Papal States, and 1929, when the papacy regained autonomy in the Lateran Treaty, a period dominated by the Roman Question.

  7. Roman Republic (1849–1850) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic_(1849–1850)

    The Roman Republic (Italian: Repubblica Romana) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi.

  8. Syllabus of Errors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabus_of_Errors

    Pope Pius IX, ca. 1864. The Syllabus of Errors is the name given to a document issued by the Holy See under Pope Pius IX on 8 December 1864, as an appendix to his encyclical letter Quanta cura. [1] It condemns a total of 80 propositions that the Pope considered to be errors or heresies.

  9. Papal States–United States relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States–United...

    This action was designed to affirm the reformist Pope Pius IX, improve commercial prospects in Rome, gain influence in other Catholic states, and please the burgeoning Catholic vote at home. [ 4 ] Relations formally began in 1848 when Jacob L. Martin the first U.S. Chargé d’Affaires presented his credentials on August 19 in Rome. [ 1 ]