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This involves testing the UV reactor's disinfection performance with either MS2 or T1 bacteriophages at various flow rates, UV transmittance, and power levels in order to develop a regression model for system sizing. For example, this is a requirement for all public water systems in the United States per the EPA UV manual. [70]: 5–2
CT Values are an important part of calculating disinfectant dosage for the chlorination of drinking water. A CT value is the product of the concentration of a disinfectant (e.g. free chlorine) and the contact time with the water being disinfected. It is typically expressed in units of mg-min/L.
The Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility is a 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m 2) ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection plant built in Westchester County, New York to disinfect water for the New York City water supply system. [1] The compound is the largest ultraviolet germicidal irradiation plant in the world. [2]
Portable water purification devices and methods are available for disinfection and treatment in emergencies or in remote locations. Disinfection is the primary goal, since aesthetic considerations such as taste, odour, appearance, and trace chemical contamination do not affect the short-term safety of drinking water.
A germicidal lamp (also known as disinfection lamp or sterilizer lamp) is an electric light that produces ultraviolet C (UVC) light. This short-wave ultraviolet light disrupts DNA base pairing , causing formation of pyrimidine dimers , and leads to the inactivation of bacteria , viruses , and protozoans .
The U.S. EPA released version 11060 of AERSCREEN on 11 March 2010 with a subsequent update, version 11076, on 17 March 2010. The U.S. EPA published the "Clarification memorandum on AERSCREEN as the recommended screening model" on 11 April 2011. [2] CTSCREEN – The screening version of CTDMPLUS. SCREEN3 – The screening version of ISC3.
Chlorinated disinfection agents such as chlorine and monochloramine are strong oxidizing agents introduced into water in order to destroy pathogenic microbes, to oxidize taste/odor-forming compounds, and to form a disinfectant residual so water can reach the consumer tap safe from microbial contamination.
EPA issued guidance to states on implementing the new GHG guidelines. EPA Fact Sheet: January 2011 New GHG air permitting began for facilities that would have to go through air permitting for non-GHG pollutants anyway. EPA GHG Permitting Fact Sheet: January 2011 EPA proposed a three-year deferral of GHG permitting for facilities that use biomass.