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  2. Penalty method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_method

    In each iteration of the method, we increase the penalty coefficient (e.g. by a factor of 10), solve the unconstrained problem and use the solution as the initial guess for the next iteration. Solutions of the successive unconstrained problems will asymptotically converge to the solution of the original constrained problem.

  3. Linear programming relaxation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming_relaxation

    Since the set cover problem has solution values that are integers (the numbers of sets chosen in the subfamily), the optimal solution quality must be at least as large as the next larger integer, 2. Thus, in this instance, despite having a different value from the unrelaxed problem, the linear programming relaxation gives us a tight lower bound ...

  4. Linear programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming

    A number of algorithms for other types of optimization problems work by solving linear programming problems as sub-problems. Historically, ideas from linear programming have inspired many of the central concepts of optimization theory, such as duality, decomposition, and the importance of convexity and its generalizations.

  5. Big M method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_M_method

    Solve the problem using the usual simplex method. For example, x + y ≤ 100 becomes x + y + s 1 = 100, whilst x + y ≥ 100 becomes x + y − s 1 + a 1 = 100. The artificial variables must be shown to be 0. The function to be maximised is rewritten to include the sum of all the artificial variables.

  6. Assignment problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assignment_problem

    Some of the local methods assume that the graph admits a perfect matching; if this is not the case, then some of these methods might run forever. [1]: 3 A simple technical way to solve this problem is to extend the input graph to a complete bipartite graph, by adding artificial edges with very large weights. These weights should exceed the ...

  7. Dual linear program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_linear_program

    Similarly, to grow one unit of barley, one unit of land, units of fertilizer and units of pesticide must be used. The primal problem would be the farmer deciding how much wheat ( x 1 {\displaystyle x_{1}} ) and barley ( x 2 {\displaystyle x_{2}} ) to grow if their sell prices are S 1 {\displaystyle S_{1}} and S 2 {\displaystyle S_{2}} per unit.

  8. Photos show dramatic before and after scenes of the ...

    www.aol.com/photos-california-wildfires...

    Before and after photos of the deadly wildfires in the Los Angeles area have sent tens of thousands scrambling for safety and decimated neighborhoods.

  9. Basic feasible solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_feasible_solution

    Since the number of BFS-s is finite and bounded by (), an optimal solution to any LP can be found in finite time by just evaluating the objective function in all () BFS-s. This is not the most efficient way to solve an LP; the simplex algorithm examines the BFS-s in a much more efficient way.