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A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
Metric Screw Threads: M Profile: V Thread Form ASME B1.15-1995 (R2003) Unified Inch Screw Threads (UNJ Thread Form) V Thread Form ASME B1.20.1-2013: Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch) Pipe Thread Form ANSI B1.20.3-1976 (R2013) Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch) Pipe Thread Form ASME B1.20.7-1991 (R2013) Hose Coupling Screw Threads - Inch: Pipe ...
It is the main standard for bolts, nuts, and a wide variety of other threaded fasteners used in these countries. It has the same 60° profile as the ISO metric screw thread, but the characteristic dimensions of each UTS thread (outer diameter and pitch) were chosen as an inch fraction rather than a millimeter value.
The major diameter is given by 6p 1.2, [4]: 12 rounded to two significant figures in mm and the hex head size (across the flats) is 1.75 times the major diameter. BA sizes are specified by the following British Standards: BS 57:1951 — B.A. screws, bolts and nuts
Mechanical specifications of Metric/English sized nuts [5] Material Proof strength Min. tensile yield strength Min. tensile ultimate strength Nut marking Nut class ISO 898 (Metric) Low or medium carbon steel 380 MPa (55 ksi) 420 MPa (61 ksi) 520 MPa (75 ksi) 5 Medium carbon steel Q&T: 580 MPa (84 ksi) 640 MPa (93 ksi) 800 MPa (116 ksi) 8 Alloy ...
In the US, BSW was replaced when steel bolts replaced iron, but was still being used for some aluminium parts as late as the 1960s and 1970s when metric-based standards International Inch replaced the U.S. inch and U.K. inch in 1951-1964. [citation needed] American Unified Coarse (UNC) was originally based on almost the same Imperial fractions ...
The major minus pitch technique also works for inch-based threads, but you must first calculate the pitch by converting the fraction of threads-per-inch (TPI) into a decimal. For example, a screw with a pitch of 1/20 in (20 threads per inch) has a pitch of 0.050 in and a 1 ⁄ 13 in pitch (13 threads per inch) has a pitch of 0.077 in.
For each size bolt or screw and type of head, there is a corresponding size driver prescribed by various ISO standards, including: Internal hex drive: ISO 2936:2014 "Assembly tools for screws and nuts—Hexagon socket screw keys" [5] External hex drive: ISO 4014, 4016, 4017, and 4018 [6]