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The modern history begins in 1961 when President John F. Kennedy in 1961 issued Executive Order 10925, which required government contractors to take "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."
The term "affirmative action" was first used in the United States in "Executive Order No. 10925", [18] signed by President John F. Kennedy on 6 March 1961, which included a provision that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated [fairly] during employment, without regard ...
In 1986, the Reagan administration was opposed to the affirmative action requirements of the executive order and contemplated modifying it to prohibit employers from using "quotas, goals, or other numerical objectives, or any scheme[,] device, or technique that discriminates against, or grants any preference to, any person on the basis of race ...
Check out CNN’s Affirmative Action Fast Facts for some background information about affirmative action as well as a few notable Supreme Court court cases.
High school seniors are preparing for the first round of college applications since the Supreme Court decision nixing universities’ use of affirmative action in the process. In the new landscape ...
News of the Supreme Court ruling that affirmative action in higher education is unconstitutional has catapulted the policy that was legal for at least 45 years to the forefront.
Initiative 200 effectively curtailed any form of affirmative action in the state. [5] In April 2019, the Washington Legislature passed Initiative 1000, ending the ban on affirmative action. [ 6 ] However, in November 2019, Referendum 88 blocked Initiative 1000 from going into effect.
The ruling determined in Bakke acted as “a catalyst for voluntary affirmative action programs.” [1] Researchers suggest that the development of such programs for the sake of increasing campus diversity explains the controversy surrounding the implementation of Proposition 209 and Bakke marks the origination of affirmative action debates. [1]
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