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Stirrup sample. Stirrups form the outer part of a rebar cage. The function of stirrups (often referred to as 'reinforcing steel links' and 'shear links') is threefold: to give the main reinforcement bars structure, to maintain a correct level of concrete cover, and to maintain an equal transferance of force throughout the supporting elements. [30]
The ACI codebook puts an upward limit on the spacing between ties. ACI Code 7.10.5: Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 longitudinal bar diameters, 48 tie bar or wire diameters, or least dimension of the compression member. If the ties are spaced too far apart, the column will experience shearfailure and barrel in between the ties. [4]
Another problem is the effectiveness of shear reinforcement. FRP rebar stirrups formed by bending before hardening generally perform relatively poorly in comparison to steel stirrups or to structures with straight fibers. When strained, the zone between the straight and curved regions are subject to strong bending, shear, and longitudinal stresses.
The function of rebar spacers is to maintain the precise positioning of steel reinforcement, facilitating the implementation of theoretical design specifications in concrete construction. This includes ensuring the appropriate steel cover for specific structural elements (such as in a concrete slab or a beam ) should be generally uniform within ...
The engineering design process, also known as the engineering method, is a common series of steps that engineers use in creating functional products and processes. The process is highly iterative – parts of the process often need to be repeated many times before another can be entered – though the part(s) that get iterated and the number of such cycles in any given project may vary.
A tie rod or tie bar (also known as a hanger rod if vertical) is a slender structural unit used as a tie and (in most applications) capable of carrying tensile loads only. It is any rod or bar-shaped structural member designed to prevent the separation of two parts, as in a vehicle.
The movement of a body, or link, is studied using geometry so the link is considered to be rigid. [1] The connections between links are modeled as providing ideal movement, pure rotation or sliding for example, and are called joints. A linkage modeled as a network of rigid links and ideal joints is called a kinematic chain.
In wood-frame construction ties are generally made of galvanized steel. [2] Wood framing ties generally have holes allowing them to be fastened to the wood structure by nails or screws . The number and type of nails are specific to the tie and its use.