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The septal nuclei are located in this area. The septal nuclei are composed of medium-size neurons which are classified into dorsal, ventral, medial , and caudal groups. [ 1 ] The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb , hippocampus , amygdala , hypothalamus , midbrain , habenula , cingulate gyrus , and thalamus .
Septum Verum (true septum) is a region in the lower medial part of the telencephalon that separates the two cerebral hemispheres.. The human septum consists of two parts: the septum pellucidum (translucent septum), a thin membrane consisting of white matter and glial cells that separate the lateral ventricles, and the lower, precommisural septum verum, which consists of nuclei and grey matter.
In 1954, Olds and Milner found that rats with metal electrodes implanted into their nucleus accumbens, as well as their septal nuclei, repeatedly pressed a lever activating this region. [12] The limbic system also interacts with the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical structures that direct intentional movements.
Septal nuclei; Ventral tegmental area; Hypothalamus; Midline thalamic Nuclei; Hippocampus; Cerebral cortex; Projections into the hippocampus are the most dense in the subiculum, followed by Ammon's horn and the Dentate gyrus. Projections into the VTA modulate firing rate, increasing the rate with lower activity, and depressing it with higher ...
The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a neural pathway containing fibers from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region and the septal nuclei, as well as fibers from brainstem regions, including the ventral tegmental area and nigrostriatal pathway.
The medial septal nucleus (MS) is one of the septal nuclei. Neurons in this nucleus give rise to the bulk of efferents from the septal nuclei. A major projection from the medial septal nucleus terminates in the hippocampal formation. [1] It plays a role in the generation of theta waves in the hippocampus. [2]
Different thalamic nuclei, (from the anterior and midline groups), the medial septal nucleus, [29] the supramammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brainstem all send axons to the EC, so that it serves as the interface between the neocortex and the other connections, and the hippocampus. [28]
The posterior fibers (called the postcommissural fornix) of each side continue through the hypothalamus to the mammillary bodies; then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus via the mammillothalamic tract. The anterior fibers (precommissural fornix) end at the septal nuclei of the basal forebrain and nucleus accumbens of each half of the brain.