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  2. Rand Paul: Why Is the FDA Still Requiring Human or Animal ...

    www.aol.com/news/rand-paul-why-fda-still...

    The law allows drug companies to find alternative methods of assessing their products, without testing them on animals or human beings. The bill was sponsored by Sens. Rand Paul (R–Ky.) and Cory ...

  3. Conditioned avoidance response test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditioned_avoidance...

    The test can detect antipsychotic-like activity both in the case of dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists and in the case of drugs lacking D 2 receptor antagonism. [1] [2] [6] The occupancy of the D 2 receptor by antagonists of this receptor required to inhibit the CAR is around 65 to 80%, which is similar to the occupancy at which therapeutic antipsychotic effects occur in humans with these drugs.

  4. Animal testing on non-human primates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non...

    The directive took effect on January 1, 2013. The directive permits the use of non-human primates if no other alternative methods are available. Testing on non-human primates is permitted for basic and applied research, quality and safety testing of drugs, food and other products and research aimed on the preservation of the species.

  5. Animal testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing

    Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...

  6. Monkey Drug Trials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_Drug_Trials

    The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 were a series of controversial animal testing experiments that were conducted on primates to study the effects of various psychoactive substances. The trials shed light on the profound effects of drug addiction and withdrawal in primates, pioneering critical insights into human substance abuse.

  7. Animal efficacy rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Efficacy_Rule

    The FDA animal efficacy rule (also known as animal rule) applies to development and testing of drugs and biologicals to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions caused by exposure to lethal or permanently disabling toxic agents (chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances), where human efficacy trials are not feasible or ethical. [1]

  8. Three Rs (animal research) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Rs_(animal_research)

    In 1954, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) decided to sponsor systematic research on the progress of humane techniques in the laboratory. [2] In October of that year, William Russell, described as a brilliant young zoologist who happened to be also a psychologist and a classical scholar, and Rex Burch, a microbiologist, were appointed to inaugurate a systematic study of ...

  9. Rise for Animals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_for_Animals

    The philosophy of NEAVS emphasizes that the use of animals in research, testing, and education is unscientific, as shown in numerous studies; is unnecessary due to the availability of and continuing development of alternatives that yield results superior to animal use; and that the humane and ethical arguments against the suffering and death of ...