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  2. Empiricism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

    In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. [1] It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism .

  3. David Hume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume

    Hume was born on 26 April 1711, as David Home, in a tenement on the north side of Edinburgh's Lawnmarket.He was the second of two sons born to Catherine Home (née Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer of Newton, Midlothian and his wife Mary Falconer (née Norvell), [14] and Joseph Home of Chirnside in the County of Berwick, an advocate of Ninewells.

  4. Experimentalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimentalism

    Experimentalism is the philosophical belief that the way to truth is through experiments and empiricism. [1] It is also associated with instrumentalism, [2] the belief that truth should be evaluated based upon its demonstrated usefulness. Experimentalism is considered a theory of knowledge that emphasizes direct action and scientific control as ...

  5. Phenomenalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenalism

    Phenomenalism is a radical form of empiricism. Its roots as an ontological view of the nature of existence can be traced back to George Berkeley and his subjective idealism, upon which David Hume further elaborated. [1] John Stuart Mill had a theory of perception which is commonly referred to as classical phenomenalism. This differs from ...

  6. Nature (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)

    Those philosophers who disagree with this reasoning therefore also see knowledge differently from Aristotle. Aristotle then, described nature or natures as follows, in a way quite different from modern science: [8] "Nature" means: (a) in one sense, the genesis of growing things — as would be suggested by pronouncing the υ of φύσις [9 ...

  7. George Berkeley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley

    George Berkeley (/ ˈ b ɑːr k l i / BARK-lee; [5] [6] 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland) – was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).

  8. Innatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innatism

    In the philosophy of mind, innatism is the view that the mind is born with already-formed ideas, knowledge, and beliefs. The opposing doctrine, that the mind is a tabula rasa (blank slate) at birth and all knowledge is gained from experience and the senses, is called empiricism.

  9. Naturalism (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)

    The earliest pre-Socratic philosophers, especially the Milesians (Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes) and the atomists (Leucippus and Democritus), were labeled by their peers and successors "the physikoi" (from the Greek φυσικός or physikos, meaning "natural philosopher" borrowing on the word φύσις or physis, meaning "nature ...