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In a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle, the pump/motor directly connects to the driveshaft, [5] or the in-wheel motors provide driving torque directly to the wheel. The internal combustion engine is only connected to a pump, and is set to operate in its most efficient power range to maintain the optimal hydraulic pressure in the accumulator. [ 3 ]
Hydraulic hybrid vehicles use hydraulic motors to store energy in the form of compressed air. In a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle, the electrical energy generated by the motor is stored chemically in a battery, similar to battery and hybrid electric vehicles.
The hydraulic motor is the rotary counterpart of the hydraulic cylinder as a linear actuator. Most broadly, the category of devices called hydraulic motors has sometimes included those that run on hydropower (namely, water engines and water motors) but in today's terminology the name usually refers more specifically to motors that use hydraulic ...
For example, in Generation 1 and Generation 2 HSDs maximum speed is mainly limited by the speed of the smaller electric motor (often functioning as a generator). The Generation 3 HSD separates the ICE-MG1 path from the MG2 path, each with its own, tailored gear ratio (1.1:1 and 2.5:1, respectively, for late Priuses, including the Prius c).
A series- or serial-hybrid vehicle is driven by an electric motor, functioning as an electric vehicle while the battery pack energy supply is sufficient, with an engine tuned for running as a generator when the battery pack is insufficient. There is typically no mechanical connection between the engine and the wheels, and the primary purpose of ...
SAI GM3 radial piston hydraulic motor [49] 15 kg 33 lb 15 kW 20 hp 1 kW/kg 0.61 hp/lb Denison GOLD CUP P14 axial piston hydraulic motor [50] 110 kg 250 lb 384 kW 509 hp 3.5 kW/kg 2.0 hp/lb Denison TB vane pump [51] 7 kg 15 lb 40.2 kW 53.9 hp 5.7 kW/kg 3.6 hp/lb Rexroth A2FM 16cc/rev, bent axis hydraulic motor (continuous output) 5.4 kg
This is around 1 ⁄ 5 (20%) of what is needed to power a standard upright bicycle without aerodynamic cladding at same speed, and 1 ⁄ 50 (2%) of that which is consumed by an average fossil fuel or electric car (the velomobile efficiency corresponds to 4700 miles per US gallon, 2000 km/L, or 0.05 L/100 km). [22]
Direct-current motors allow for changes of speed by adjusting the shunt field current. Another way of changing speed of a direct current motor is to change the voltage applied to the armature. An adjustable-speed motor drive might consist of an electric motor and controller that is used to adjust the motor's operating speed. The combination of ...