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The irises of human eyes exhibit a wide spectrum of colours. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [1] [2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. [3]: 9
The human eye, showing the iris and pupil. In 1802, philosopher William Paley called it a miracle of "design."In 1859, Charles Darwin himself wrote in his Origin of Species, that the evolution of the eye by natural selection seemed at first glance "absurd in the highest possible degree". [3]
This discovery has generated interest and discussion among scientists because it raises important questions about the evolutionary pressures that led to the development of color vision. Early forms of color vision may have been utilized for activities such as foraging, mate choice, or avoiding predators, even in a less colorful world. [11]
The RGB color model, therefore, is a convenient means for representing color but is not directly based on the types of cones in the human eye. The peak response of human cone cells varies, even among individuals with so-called normal color vision; [8] in some non-human species this polymorphic variation is even greater, and it may well be adaptive.
Human eye. The cooperative eye hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the appearance of the human eye. It suggests that the eye's distinctive visible characteristics evolved to make it easier for humans to follow another's gaze while communicating or while working together on tasks. [1] [2] [3]
The most important (and often only important for discussions of opsin evolution) parameter of the spectral sensitivity is the peak wavelength, i.e. the wavelength of light to which they are most sensitive. For example, a typical human L-opsin has a peak wavelength of 560 nm. The cone complement defines an individual's set of cones in their ...
While the spectrum of eye colors is as vast as the human experience itself, one of them is the rarest eye color in the world that only a small percentage of the population possess.
According to them, all humans initially had brown eyes and the OCA2 mutation took place between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago. It dilutes the production of melanin, responsible for the pigmentation of human hair, eye, and skin color.