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The olm (German: ⓘ) or proteus (Proteus anguinus) is an aquatic salamander which is the only species in the genus Proteus of the family Proteidae [2] and the only exclusively cave-dwelling chordate species found in Europe; the family's other extant genus is Necturus.
The Luristan newt is endemic to the southern Zagros Mountains in Iran. [3] It is primarily found in highland streams surrounded by arid scrubland , but can also be found in ponds and pools. It is known only from four streams in a single catchment area and has a total inhabited area of 8,948 km 2 (3,454.8 sq mi). [ 1 ]
An adult weighs 1.5 to 2.5 kg (3.3 to 5.5 lb), making them the fifth heaviest living amphibian in the world after their South China, Chinese and Japanese cousins and the goliath frog, while the largest cane toads may also weigh as much as a hellbender. Hellbenders reach sexual maturity at about five years of age, and may live 30 years in captivity.
The cave salamander is a relatively large lungless salamander, ranging in total length from 10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 in). The tail makes up a significant proportion of the total length, up to 60–65%. [3] Post-metamorphic individuals have orange to reddish orange backs and a pale, unmarked ventral surface.
The axolotl (/ ˈ æ k s ə l ɒ t əl / ⓘ; from Classical Nahuatl: āxōlōtl [aːˈʃoːloːtɬ] ⓘ) (Ambystoma mexicanum) [3] is a paedomorphic salamander closely related to the tiger salamander. [3] [4] [5] It is unusual among amphibians in that it reaches adulthood without undergoing metamorphosis.
The fire salamander's primary alkaloid toxin, samandarin, causes strong muscle convulsions and hypertension combined with hyperventilation in all vertebrates. Through an analysis of the European fire salamander’s skin secretions, scientists have determined that another alkaloid, such as samandarone, is also released by the salamander. [14]
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The Chinese giant salamander species complex comprises five clades, with multiple possibly worthy of species recognition. Their native ranges differ, but release of Chinese giant salamanders from captivity has complicated this picture. They were widespread in central, south-western, and southern China, although their range is now highly ...