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The flow and capacity at which this point occurs is the optimum flow and optimum density, respectively. The flow density diagram is used to give the traffic condition of a roadway. With the traffic conditions, time-space diagrams can be created to give travel time, delay, and queue lengths of a road segment.
The hypothesis of Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory about the 2D region of steady states of synchronized flow is contrary to the hypothesis of earlier traffic flow theories involving the fundamental diagram of traffic flow, which supposes a one-dimensional relationship between vehicle density and flow rate.
The kinematic wave model of traffic flow theory is the simplest dynamic traffic flow model that reproduces the propagation of traffic waves. It is made up of three components: the fundamental diagram , the conservation equation, and initial conditions.
Assuming the fundamental diagram (flow-density) is a triangular function, a traffic state A with speed v A and density k A can be assumed in the congestion region. The density on the roadway can be determined using the spacing between vehicles and is computed simply the equation: k A = 1/s A
In this special case, we use the Triangular Fundamental Diagram (TFD) with three parameters: free flow speed , wave velocity -w and maximum density (see Figure 1). Additionally, we will consider a long study period where traffic past upstream detector (U) is unrestricted and traffic past downstream detector (D) is restricted so that waves from ...
A macroscopic traffic flow model is a mathematical traffic model that formulates the relationships among traffic flow characteristics like density, flow, mean speed of a traffic stream, etc. Such models are conventionally arrived at by integrating microscopic traffic flow models and converting the single-entity level characteristics to ...
Synchronized flow is defined as congested traffic that does not exhibit the jam feature [J]; in particular, the downstream front of synchronized flow is often fixed at the bottleneck. Thus Kerner's definitions [J] and [S] for the wide moving jam and synchronized flow phases of his three-phase traffic theory [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] are indeed ...
English: Speed-flow diagram or speed-volume diagram: vehicle speed versus vehicles per hour passing through a point on a highway. The horseshoe shape indicates that vehicle throughput collapses when volume is 80%-100% of capacity. The traffic mode changes from free-flowing in the green area, to congested in the gray area.
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