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  2. Protein secondary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure

    Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. [1] The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets , though beta turns and omega loops occur as well.

  3. Initiation factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiation_factor

    During this process, the 60S ribosomal subunit binds and the large 80S ribosomal complex is formed. The eIF4G plays a role, as it interacts with the polyA-binding protein, attracting the mRNA. The eIF4E then binds the cap of the mRNA and the small ribosomal subunit binds to the eIF4G to begin the process of creating the 80S ribosomal complex.

  4. Coacervate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coacervate

    Coacervate droplets dispersed in a dilute phase. Coacervate (/ k oʊ ə ˈ s ɜːr v ə t / or / k oʊ ˈ æ s ər v eɪ t /) is an aqueous phase rich in macromolecules such as synthetic polymers, proteins or nucleic acids. It forms through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), leading to a dense phase in thermodynamic equilibrium with a ...

  5. TIM barrel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIM_barrel

    The TIM barrel gets its name from the enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase (TIM), which was the first protein possessing the fold to be crystallized. [3] TIM barrels contain 200-250 amino acid residues, [2] folded into 8 alpha helices (α-helices) and 8 beta strand (β-strands).

  6. Rossmann fold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossmann_fold

    The Rossmann fold is a tertiary fold found in proteins that bind nucleotides, such as enzyme cofactors FAD, NAD +, and NADP +.This fold is composed of alternating beta strands and alpha helical segments where the beta strands are hydrogen bonded to each other forming an extended beta sheet and the alpha helices surround both faces of the sheet to produce a three-layered sandwich.

  7. Isomorphous replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphous_replacement

    Isomorphous replacement (IR) is historically the most common approach to solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography studies of proteins.For protein crystals this method is conducted by soaking the crystal of a sample to be analyzed with a heavy atom solution or co-crystallization with the heavy atom.

  8. Beta barrel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_barrel

    This protein was chosen because the beta barrel contains both parallel and antiparallel strands. To determine which amino acid residues are adjacent in the beta strands, the location of hydrogen bonds is determined. Table for calculating the shear number. The strand order in this barrel (GFP) is: 1 6 5 4 9 8 7 10 11 3 2.

  9. Protein design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_design

    Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein function. [1] Proteins can be designed from scratch ( de novo design) or by making calculated variants of a known protein structure and its sequence (termed protein redesign ).

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