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A points-based immigration system or merit-based immigration system [1] is an immigration system where a noncitizen's eligibility to immigrate is (partly or wholly) determined by whether that noncitizen is able to score above a threshold number of points in a scoring system that might include such factors as education level, wealth, connection with the country, language fluency, existing job ...
Express Entry uses a points-based system, called the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS), to automatically rank interested candidates and select the most competitive for immigration. [9] The core factors considered are age, level of education, language proficiency in English and/or French, and Canadian work experience. [ 10 ]
Before 1910, immigrants to Canada were referred to as landed immigrant (French: immigrant reçu) for a person who has been admitted to Canada as a non-Canadian citizen.The Immigration Act 1910 introduced the term of "permanent residence," and in 2002 the terminology was officially changed in with the passage of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
A permanent resident has the right to live permanently in Canada, but can be ordered to leave Canada for reasons under IRPA. Convention refugees (United Nations definition) — "people who have a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, political opinion, nationality, or membership in a particular social group."
Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada.. As of 2025, Canadian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 188 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 7th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index. [1]
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC; French: Immigration, Réfugiés et Citoyenneté Canada) [NB 1] is the department of the Government of Canada with responsibility for matters dealing with immigration to Canada, refugees, and Canadian citizenship. The department was established in 1994 following a reorganization.
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Whereas "Permanent Residence" (PR) is a requirement for Canadian citizenship, temporary residency has little to do with citizenship, in that one cannot go from temporary resident to citizen without first going through another program. More specifically, the classes of Temporary Resident Documents under IMM1442 are as follows: