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The maximum random access memory (RAM) installed in any computer system is limited by hardware, software and economic factors. The hardware may have a limited number of address bus bits, limited by the processor package or design of the system. Some of the address space may be shared between RAM, peripherals, and read-only memory.
The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software application is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware, A hardware requirements list is often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list (HCL), especially in case of operating systems.
Software can "partition" a portion of a computer's RAM, allowing it to act as a much faster hard drive that is called a RAM disk. A RAM disk loses the stored data when the computer is shut down, unless memory is arranged to have a standby battery source, or changes to the RAM disk are written out to a nonvolatile disk.
The operating system will place actively used data in RAM, which is much faster than hard disks. When the amount of RAM is not sufficient to run all the current programs, it can result in a situation where the computer spends more time moving data from RAM to disk and back than it does accomplishing tasks; this is known as thrashing.
25,000,000 bits – amount of data in a typical color slide 30,000,000 bits – The first commercial harddisk IBM 350 in 1956 could store 3.75 MiB for a cost of US$50,000, [5] equivalent to $560,343 in 2023. 2 25: 33,554,432 bits (4 mebibytes) – RAM capacity of stock Nintendo 64 and average size of a music track in MP3 format.
A computer with true n-bit addressing may have 2 n addressable units of RAM installed. An example is a 32-bit x86 processor with 4 GB and without Physical Address Extension (PAE). In this case, the processor is able to address all the RAM installed and no more.
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The Commodore RAM Expansion Unit (REU) is a range of external RAM add-ons. At the time of introduction of the Commodore 128 home computer, two REUs were announced for that model; the 1700 (128 KB) and 1750 (512 KB) REUs. Later, Commodore introduced a third model, for their Commodore 64 model: the 1764 (256 KB) [1]
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