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  2. Economic equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_equilibrium

    In most simple microeconomic stories of supply and demand a static equilibrium is observed in a market; however, economic equilibrium can be also dynamic. Equilibrium may also be economy-wide or general, as opposed to the partial equilibrium of a single market. Equilibrium can change if there is a change in demand or supply conditions.

  3. Market equilibrium computation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_equilibrium_computation

    Market equilibrium computation (also called competitive equilibrium computation or clearing-prices computation) is a computational problem in the intersection of economics and computer science. The input to this problem is a market , consisting of a set of resources and a set of agents .

  4. Competitive equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_equilibrium

    Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, [1] appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis.

  5. Market clearing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_clearing

    The market clears when the price reaches a point where demand and supply are in equilibrium, enabling individuals to buy or sell whatever they desire at that cost. When supply and demand are equal, a market clearing takes place. The market must experience a shortage or a surplus to reach this state. A shortage indicates that buyers are ...

  6. Walras's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walras's_law

    It follows that the market value of total excess demand in the economy must be zero, which is the statement of Walras's law. Walras's law implies that if there are n markets and n – 1 of these are in equilibrium, then the last market must also be in equilibrium, a property which is essential in the proof of the existence of equilibrium.

  7. Bertrand competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_competition

    Therefore, the sole equilibrium in the Bertrand model emerges when both firms establish a price equal to unit cost, known as the competitive price. [9] It is to highlight that the Bertrand equilibrium is a weak Nash-equilibrium. The firms lose nothing by deviating from the competitive price: it is an equilibrium simply because each firm can ...

  8. Supply and demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand

    In the diagram, this raises the equilibrium price from P 1 to the higher P 2. This raises the equilibrium quantity from Q 1 to the higher Q 2. (A movement along the curve is described as a "change in the quantity demanded" to distinguish it from a "change in demand", that is, a shift of the curve.)

  9. Arrow–Debreu model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow–Debreu_model

    In mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions (convex preferences, perfect competition, and demand independence), there must be a set of prices such that aggregate supplies will equal aggregate demands for every commodity in the economy.