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To the extent that a base unit of society – usually conceived as an individual citizen – vests authority in a larger unit, such as the state or the local community, authority is centralized. The extent to which this ought to occur, and the ways in which centralized government evolves, forms part of social contract theory .
A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state.Another distinct but sovereign political entity is a federal government, which may have distinct powers at various levels of government, authorized or delegated to it by the federation and mutually agreed upon by each of the federated states.
England developed a powerful feudal monarchy at an earlier stage compared to France, allowing it to undertake ambitious military campaigns like the Hundred Years' War. However, unlike absolutist monarchies on the European continent, the English monarchy lacked the resources and motivation to build and maintain a large permanent standing army.
Examples of early states which developed in interaction with other states include the Aegean Bronze Age Greek civilizations and the Malagasy civilization in Madagascar. [28] Unlike primary state formation, early state formation does not require the creation of the first state in that cultural context or autonomous development, independently ...
Germany and the European Union present the only examples of federalism in the world where members of the federal "upper houses" (the German Bundesrat, i.e. the Federal Council; and the European Council) are neither elected nor appointed but comprise members or delegates of the governments of their constituents. The United States had a similar ...
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The regions of England, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. They were established in 1994 [1] and follow the 1974–96 county borders. They are a continuation of the former 1940s standard regions which followed the 1889–1974 administrative county borders.
An animation representing centralised information processing [relevant? Most businesses deal with issues relating to the specifics of centralisation or decentralisation of decision-making. The key question is either whether the authority should manage all the things at the centre of a business (centralised), or whether it should be delegated ...