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Edgar Henry Schein (March 5, 1928 – January 26, 2023) [1] was a Swiss-born American business theorist and psychologist who was professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management.
Schein claimed that culture is the most difficult organizational attribute to change, outlasting products, services, founders and leadership and all physical attributes. His model considers culture as an observer , characterized in terms of artifacts, values and underlying assumptions.
Researchers have developed models for understanding an organization's culture or developed typologies of organizational culture. Edgar Schein developed a model for understanding organizational culture. He identified three levels of organizational culture: (a) artifacts and behaviors, (b) espoused values, and (c) shared basic assumptions.
Chris Argyris (July 16, 1923 – November 16, 2013 [1]) was an American business theorist and professor at Yale School of Management and Harvard Business School.Argyris, like Richard Beckhard, Edgar Schein and Warren Bennis, [citation needed] is known as a co-founder of organization development, and known for seminal work on learning organizations.
Organizational theory also seeks to explain how interrelated units of organization either connect or do not connect with each other. Organizational theory also concerns understanding how groups of individuals behave, which may differ from the behavior of an individual. The behavior organizational theory often focuses on is goal-directed.
Jeffrey Pfeffer - organizational development (1970s–?) Robert Allen Phillips; Rebecca Piekkari (born 1967) - Finnish organizational theorist; Henry Varnum Poor - principles of organization (1850s–?) Michael Porter - strategic management and Porter's 5 forces (1970s–1990s) C. K. Prahalad (1941–2010) - core competency (1980s) Derek S. Pugh
A judge told the parents of 27-year-old Ellen Greenberg, a Philadelphia teacher found dead with 20 stab wounds in 2011, that the city's declaration of suicide was "puzzling."
The NTL Institute produced or influenced other notable and influential contributors to the human relations movement in post-World War II management though, notably Douglas McGregor (who, like Lewin, also died young), Chris Argyris, Edgar H. Schein, and Warren Bennis.