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Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. [1] This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and many are beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. [2]
All are microorganisms except some eukaryote groups. Single-celled microorganisms were the first forms of life to develop on Earth, approximately 3.5 billion years ago. [30] [31] [32] Further evolution was slow, [33] and for about 3 billion years in the Precambrian eon, (much of the history of life on Earth), all organisms were microorganisms.
These marine biotoxins are dangerous to human health and have been widely studied due to their high potential to bioaccumulate in edible parts of seafood. [16] Autotrophic bacteria and algae are unrelated organisms; however, in aquatic environments, they are both primary producers. [17]
multiple bacteria Bacterial meningitis: Lumbar puncture (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the intracranial pressure is elevated), CT or MRI Antibiotics No multiple bacteria Bacterial pneumonia: Sputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiography Antibiotics No List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota: Bacterial vaginosis
Not all select agents require BSL-4 handling, namely select bacteria and toxins, but most select agent viruses do (with the notable exception of SARS-CoV-1 which can be handled in BSL3). Many non-select agent viruses are often handled in BSL-4 according to facility SOPs or when dealing with new viruses closely related to viruses that require BSL-4.
Many other bacterial pathogens lack vaccines as a preventive measure, but infection by these bacteria can often be treated or prevented with antibiotics. Common antibiotics include amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. Each antibiotic has different bacteria that it is effective against and has different mechanisms to kill that bacteria.
“Mirror bacteria” made in a lab could endanger all life on earth, an international group of leading scientists have warned in a new report. All building-block molecules of life like DNA, ...
This is a list of bacteria that are significant in medicine. For viruses, see list of viruses A ...