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It is located at 4087 m above sea level on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, making it the highest base in Antarctica. [2] It is only 7.3 km southwest of Dome A, the highest point on the Antarctic Plateau. The station was officially opened on January 27, 2009. Fully constructed the station is planned to cover an area of 558 m 2.
Before November 1956, there was no permanent artificial structure at the pole, and practically no human presence in the interior of Antarctica. The few scientific stations in Antarctica were near its coast. The station has been continuously occupied since it was built and has been rebuilt, expanded, and upgraded several times.
"ICAO Location Indicators by State" (PDF). International Civil Aviation Organization. 17 September 2010. "UN Location Codes: Antarctica". UN/LOCODE 2011-2. UNECE. 28 February 2012. - includes IATA codes; Airports in Antarctica at Great Circle Mapper; Airports in Antarctica —World Aero Data; Antarctic facilities in operation—COMNAP
The United States maintains the southernmost base, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the largest base and research station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. The second-southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80°25′2″S during the summer season, and the Russian Vostok Station at 78°27′50″S during the winter season.
Gentoo penguins near Palmer Station. Palmer Station is located at 64.77°S, 64.05°W. [6] The majority of the science research conducted at Palmer Station revolves around marine biology. The station also houses year-round monitoring equipment for global seismic, atmospheric, and UV-monitoring networks, as well as a site for the study of ...
The Virgen del Carmen Grotto, near the base, was built in the early 1970s to serve as a place of spiritual withdrawal for the staff of various Antarctic stations and expeditions. It was designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 37), following a proposal by Chile to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. [4]
Marambio Station (Spanish: Estación Marambio) is a permanent, all year-round Argentine Antarctica station named after Vice-Commodore Gustavo Argentino Marambio , an Antarctic aviation pioneer. It is located in Marambio Island , Graham Land , Antarctic Peninsula , some 100 km (60 mi) from the coastal civilian village of Esperanza .
As of February 2023, the station also houses the only electric exploration vehicle in the Antarctic, the Venturi Antarctica, which has been in-service since December 2021. [4] The station houses up to 16 scientists at a time. The station is named after Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, the eldest daughter of King Philippe of Belgium. [5]