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Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute , clarinet , oboe , bassoon , and saxophone . There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed instruments (otherwise called reed pipes).
Cross-fingering is any fingering, "requiring a closed hole or holes below an open one." [ 9 ] "Opening successive tone holes in woodwind instruments shortens the standing wave in the bore. However, the standing wave propagates past the first open hole, so its frequency can be affected by closing other tone holes further downstream.
FluteInfo Contains fingering charts, performance articles, free sheet music and other musical information The Woodwind Fingering Guide , large, easy-to-navigate listing of flute fingerings Flute Acoustics , a scientific explanation of flute acoustics
Nonetheless, recorder fingerings vary widely between models and are mutable even for a single recorder: recorder players may use three or more fingerings for the same note along with partial covering of the holes to achieve proper intonation, in coordination with the breath or in faster passages where some fingerings are unavailable. This chart ...
Fingering chart from Museum musicum theoreticalo practicum, 1732. Composers initially favored the chalumeau, but the clarinet soon overtook it in repertoire and ubiquity. Estienne Roger in Amsterdam published a set of duets for two chalumeaux in 1706 (prior to the first duets for clarinet).
Altissimo (Italian for very high) is the uppermost register on woodwind instruments. For clarinets, which overblow on odd harmonics, the altissimo notes are those based on the fifth, seventh, and higher harmonics. For other woodwinds, the altissimo notes are those based on the third, fourth, and higher harmonics.
The xaphoon's fingerings, however, are significantly different from those of either a saxophone or recorder. The most common instrument, in C, is 12.5 inches or 32 cm long. Due to having a closed bore instead of an open bore like a recorder , its range is an octave below recorders of comparable length; for example, the soprano recorder's lowest ...
The oboe in use in Vienna in the early and mid-19th century was originally a design called the Koch/Sellner oboe. In 1825 Viennese oboist and teacher Joseph Sellner wrote an oboe tutor (Theoretische-praktische Oboeschule), which included an illustrated fingering chart. The oboe associated with these materials was produced by Stefan Koch (1772 ...