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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1] A person's breath may develop a specific "fruity" smell. [1]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the life-threatening severe complications of diabetes that demands immediate attention and intervention. [7] It is considered a medical emergency and can affect both patients with T1D (type 1 diabetes) and T2D (type 2 diabetes), but it is more common in T1D. [8]
Emergency treatment can come into effect within hours in case of diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. Treatment involves intravenous fluids to replenish hydration-reducing plasma, intravenous insulin to lower blood sugar levels, and intravenous potassium and sodium to replace the lost electrolytes which are essential for cell function, as insulin will force some electrolytes into the cell.
The major differential diagnosis is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In contrast to DKA, serum glucose levels in HHS are extremely high, usually greater than 40-50 mmol/L (600 mg/dL). [6] Metabolic acidosis is absent or mild. [6] A temporary state of confusion (delirium) is also more common in HHS than DKA. HHS also tends to affect older people more.
If the patient is known to have diabetes, the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is usually suspected from the appearance and a history of 1–2 days of vomiting. The diagnosis is confirmed when the usual blood chemistries in the emergency department reveal a high blood sugar level and severe metabolic acidosis .
A primary care physician or OB/GYN can do blood work to see if you are deficient in any key nutrients and a dietitian can help you figure out how to meet your nutrient needs through food in a way ...
The Mayo Clinic recommends emergency room treatment above 300 mg/dL blood glucose. The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes . When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment.
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