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Indian Railways' strategic initiative to containerise cargo transport put India on the intermodal freight transport map for the first time in 1966. Given India's size (almost 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) from North to South and East to West), rail transport is often a cheaper option for all cargo over medium and long distances, especially if the cost of inter-modal transfers can be reduced.
Under construction picture of Eastern dedicated freight corridor. The tracks of dedicated freight corridors in India are broad gauge. Under the Eleventh Five Year Plan of India (2007–12), the Ministry of Railways started constructing a new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) in two long routes, namely the Eastern and Western freight corridors. [4]
India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23. [3]
Global freight volumes according to mode of transport in trillions of tonne-kilometres in 2010. In 2015, 108 trillion tonne-kilometers were transported worldwide (anticipated to grow by 3.4% per year until 2050 (128 Trillion in 2020)): 70% by sea, 18% by road, 9% by rail, 2% by inland waterways and less than 0.25% by air.
The total cargo moved by inland waterways is just 0.15% of the total inland traffic in India, compared to the corresponding figures of 20% for Germany and 32% for Bangladesh. [150] Cargo that is transported in an organised manner is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West Bengal, Assam and Kerala.
The project is financed by multiple Indian banks with a total loan amount of INR 30,000 crore along with investment from the state government and the Airports Authority of India. [2] [3] With a projected target of serving 14 million passengers and handle 0.87 million tonnes of cargo, this is one of largest aviation project in India. [3]
India Post, an undertaking by the Indian government, is the largest courier service with around 155 thousand branches (comprising 139 thousand (90%) in rural areas and 16 thousand (10%) in urban areas). [6] All couriers use the PIN code or postal index number introduced by India Post to locate delivery address.
Air India became the first Asian airline to operate freighters when Air India Cargo was set up in 1954 and started its freighter operations with a Douglas DC-3 aircraft. [16] Air India Cargo ended freighter aircraft operations in early 2012. [124] Alliance Air was a wholly owned subsidiary of Indian Airlines established on 1 April 1996.