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Pindar (/ ˈ p ɪ n d ər /; Ancient Greek: Πίνδαρος Pindaros; Latin: Pindarus; c. 518 BC – c. 438 BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes.Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved.
Most of Pindar's signature characteristics and signature style appear in this poem. Pindar utilizes religion, local mythology, and his poetic genius to create an ode that outlasts the occasion itself. The motif of the ode is harmony: harmony of the lyre and moral harmony of a life formed by justice, liberality, and the pleasure of the gods.
The term Pindar may derive from pinda, [12] an intoxicating drink. [13] It is a Marathi word that possibly connotes a "bundle of grass" or "who takes". [2] They are also referred to as Bidaris in some historic texts, [14] indicating that they originally came from the Bidar district in central India.
The ode begins with a priamel, where the rival distinctions of water and gold are introduced as a foil to the true prize, the celebration of victory in song. [7] Ring-composed, [8] Pindar returns in the final lines to the mutual dependency of victory and poetry, where "song needs deeds to celebrate, and success needs songs to make the areta last". [9]
Pindar, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Salvador, Jesús A. (1997). "Iamus and ἴα in Pindar ("O". 6, 53-57)".
Pindar mentioned this tradition in his First Olympian Ode, only to reject it as a malicious invention. After Pelops' resurrection, Poseidon took him to Olympus, and made him the youth apprentice, teaching him also to drive the divine chariot. Later, Zeus found out about the gods' stolen food and their now revealed secrets, and threw Pelops out ...
Alternatively, Pindar placed the home of Boreas, the Riphean Mountains and Hyperborea all near the Danube. [ 18 ] Heraclides Ponticus and Antimachus in contrast identified the Riphean Mountains with the Alps , and the Hyperboreans as a Celtic tribe (perhaps the Helvetii ) who lived just beyond them. [ 19 ]
This syncretization with Egyptian mythology can also be seen in the story, apparently known as early as Pindar, of Typhon chasing the gods to Egypt, and the gods transforming themselves into animals. [159] Such a story arose perhaps as a way for the Greeks to explain Egypt's animal-shaped gods. [160]