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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured.
Another example is when blood flows into a narrower constriction, its speed will be greater than in a larger diameter (due to continuity of volumetric flow rate), and its pressure will be lower than in a larger diameter [4] (due to Bernoulli's equation). However, the viscosity of blood will cause additional pressure drop along the direction of ...
The arm–leg (blood pressure) gradient is the difference between the blood pressure measured in the arms and that measured in the legs. It is normally less than 10 mm Hg, [ 36 ] but may be increased in e.g. coarctation of the aorta .
Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) refers to the pressure gradient that drives coronary blood pressure. The heart's function is to perfuse blood to the body; however, the heart's own myocardium (heart muscle) must, itself, be supplied for its own muscle function.
This makes a pressure gradient between the infra- and supradiaphragmatic parts of v. cava inferior, "pulling" the blood towards the right atrium and increasing venous return. Vena cava compression : An increase in the resistance of the vena cava, as occurs when the thoracic vena cava becomes compressed during a Valsalva maneuver or during late ...
The lumped parameter model consists in a system of ordinary differential equations that adhere to the principles of conservation of mass and momentum balance. The model is obtained exploiting the electrical analogy where the current represents the blood flow, the voltage represents the pressure difference, the electric resistance plays the role of the vascular resistance (determined by the ...
is the angular frequency of the first harmonic of a Fourier series of an oscillatory pressure gradient, n: are the natural numbers, P' n: is the pressure gradient magnitude for the frequency nω, ρ: is the fluid density, μ: is the dynamic viscosity, R: is the pipe radius, J 0 (·) is the Bessel function of first kind and order zero, i: is the ...
Afterload can also be described as the pressure that the chambers of the heart must generate to eject blood from the heart, and this is a consequence of aortic pressure (for the left ventricle) and pulmonic pressure or pulmonary artery pressure (for the right ventricle).