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A troglobite (or, formally, troglobiont) is an animal species, or population of a species, strictly bound to underground habitats, such as caves.These are separate from species that mainly live in above-ground habitats but are also able to live underground (eutroglophiles), and species that are only cave visitors (subtroglophiles and trogloxenes). [1]
Troglobite species are true cave dwellers, occurring exclusively in caves and unable to survive in the open. True troglobites among insects include many Coleoptera, some Stenopelmatidae, Diptera, and Zygentoma. Troglophile species sometimes occur outside the cave habitat but typically complete their life cycle in caves.
Troglobite [ edit ] Some can leave caves for short periods, and may complete parts of their life cycles above ground, but cannot live their entire lives outside of a cave environment.
Troglofauna usually live in moderate cave regions. [3] The overall climates of these caves do not significantly change throughout the year. Humidity in such caves is generally high ranging from 95 to 100 percent; evaporation rates are low.
Leptodirus hochenwartii is a true troglobite, adapted to subterranean life and unable to survive in the outside environment. As a result, it possesses typical troglobiotic features, such as elongated legs and antennae, the absence of wings, the absence of pigment in the integument, and anophthalmia (absence of eyes).
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Trogloxenes or subtroglophiles, also called cave guests, are animal species which periodically live in underground habitats such as caves or at the very entrance, but cannot live exclusively in such habitats.
Alternative descriptions for such animals include stygobite, [5] troglobite or Interstitial animals, as they live in water between the particles of the flooded substrate. They usually exhibit troglomorphism , with a loss of colour and eyesight, like the familiar blind cavefish which may also be referred to as 'phreatic fish'.