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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. [1] It is common in poorer countries, especially among children and women of reproductive age, but is rarely seen in more developed countries. [1] Vitamin A plays a major role in phototransduction, so this deficiency impairs vision, often presenting ...
Vitamin A deficiency affects one third of children under age 5 around the world, [33] leading to 670,000 deaths and 250,000–500,000 cases of blindness. [34] Vitamin A supplementation has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality by 12 to 24%.
An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. [6] Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid is essential to normal epithelial cell functions. Severe vitamin A deficiency, common in infants and young children in southeast Asia causes xerophthalmia characterized by dryness of the conjunctival epithelium and cornea. Untreated ...
A deficiency in iron levels can lead to anemia, which is a condition classified by decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood. [12] 21.4% of pre-school children have anemia in South Africa. [5] Anemia is also a major cause of maternal mortality. [8] Approximately 50% of pregnant women in South Africa have anemia. [5] Anemia causes tiredness and ...
Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term ... afflicting 250,000 to 500,000 malnourished children in the developing ... consequences can cause brain damage ...
The WHO reported that two out of five children that are stunted live in Southern Asia, however Africa is the only region where there is an increasing number of stunted children. [8] Common micronutrient deficiencies are iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A. Micronutrient deficiencies can cause an increase of illness due to a compromised immune ...
Vitamin A deficiency is a major factor in causing blindness worldwide, particularly among children. [13] Global vitamin A supplementation efforts have targeted 103 priority countries. In 1999, 16 percent of children in these countries received two annual doses of vitamin A. By 2007, the rate increased to 62 percent. [14]
Vitamin A deficiency causes blindness and increases mortality rate for young children and women. The deficiency can be prevented with two doses of high potency vitamin A capsules every year. With the cost of providing the capsules at $1 per person per year, vitamin A supplementation is a cost-efficient initiative. [9] [10] Helen Keller started ...
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