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  2. C++ classes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++_classes

    A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public.

  3. Member variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_variable

    /*Ruby has three member variable types: class, class instance, and instance. */ class Dog # The class variable is defined within the class body with two at-signs # and describes data about all Dogs *and* their derived Dog breeds (if any) @@sniffs = true end mutt = Dog. new mutt. class. sniffs #=> true class Poodle < Dog # The "class instance variable" is defined within the class body with a ...

  4. Class variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_variable

    Thus in some languages, static member variable or static member function are used synonymously with or in place of "class variable" or "class function", but these are not synonymous across languages. These terms are commonly used in Java , C# , [ 5 ] and C++ , where class variables and class methods are declared with the static keyword , and ...

  5. Static variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_variable

    In computer programming, a static variable is a variable that has been allocated "statically", meaning that its lifetime (or "extent") is the entire run of the program. This is in contrast to shorter-lived automatic variables, whose storage is stack allocated and deallocated on the call stack; and in contrast to dynamically allocated objects, whose storage is allocated and deallocated in heap ...

  6. One Definition Rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Definition_Rule

    In pre-standard C++, all static data members required a definition outside of their class. However, during the C++ standardization process it was decided to lift this requirement for static const integral members. The intent was to allow uses such as:

  7. static (keyword) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_(keyword)

    static is a reserved word in many programming languages to modify a declaration. The effect of the keyword varies depending on the details of the specific programming language, most commonly used to modify the lifetime (as a static variable) and visibility (depending on linkage), or to specify a class member instead of an instance member in classes.

  8. Class (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)

    Friend: C++ supports a mechanism where a function explicitly declared as a friend function of the class may access the members designated as private or protected. [15] Path-based: Java supports restricting access to a member within a Java package, which is the logical path of the file. However, it is a common practice when extending a Java ...

  9. C++11 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++11

    Constructors are trivial only if there are no virtual member functions of the class and no virtual base classes. Copy/move operations also require all non-static data members to be trivial. A type that is standard-layout means that it orders and packs its members in a way that is compatible with C. A class or struct is standard-layout, by ...