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  2. Mutation–selection balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationselection_balance

    Setting aside other factors (e.g., balancing selection, and genetic drift), the equilibrium number of deleterious alleles is then determined by a balance between the deleterious mutation rate and the rate at which selection purges those mutations. Mutationselection balance was originally proposed to explain how genetic variation is ...

  3. Negative selection (natural selection) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_selection...

    This can result in stabilising selection through the purging of deleterious genetic polymorphisms that arise through random mutations. [2] [3] Purging of deleterious alleles can be achieved on the population genetics level, with as little as a single point mutation being the unit of selection. In such a case, carriers of the harmful point ...

  4. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    However, after a period with no new mutations, the genetic variation at these sites is eliminated due to genetic drift. Natural selection reduces genetic variation by eliminating maladapted individuals, and consequently the mutations that caused the maladaptation. At the same time, new mutations occur, resulting in a mutationselection ...

  5. Selection (genetic algorithm) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_(genetic_algorithm)

    Selection is the stage of a genetic algorithm or more general evolutionary algorithm in which individual genomes are chosen from a population for later breeding (e.g., using the crossover operator). Selection mechanisms are also used to choose candidate solutions (individuals) for the next generation.

  6. Genetic load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_load

    The Haldane-Muller theorem of mutationselection balance says that the load depends only on the deleterious mutation rate and not on the selection coefficient. [6] Specifically, relative to an ideal genotype of fitness 1, the mean population fitness is exp ⁡ ( − U ) {\displaystyle \exp(-U)} where U is the total deleterious mutation rate ...

  7. Neutral theory of molecular evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_theory_of...

    Nearly neutral mutations are those that carry selection coefficients less than the inverse of twice the effective population size. [30] The population dynamics of nearly neutral mutations are only slightly different from those of neutral mutations unless the absolute magnitude of the selection coefficient is greater than 1/N, where N is the ...

  8. Genetic marker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_marker

    Genetic markers have also been used to measure the genomic response to selection in livestock. Natural and artificial selection leads to a change in the genetic makeup of the cell. The presence of different alleles due to a distorted segregation at the genetic markers is indicative of the difference between selected and non-selected livestock. [5]

  9. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    Neomorphic mutations are a part of the gain-of-function mutations and are characterized by the control of new protein product synthesis. The newly synthesized gene normally contains a novel gene expression or molecular function. The result of the neomorphic mutation is the gene where the mutation occurs has a complete change in function. [56]