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It is clear that the ocean is warming as a result of climate change, and this rate of warming is increasing. [2]: 9 The global ocean was the warmest it had ever been recorded by humans in 2022. [13] This is determined by the ocean heat content, which exceeded the previous 2021 maximum in 2022. [13]
The long-term effects of climate change on oceans include further ice melt, ocean warming, sea level rise, ocean acidification and ocean deoxygenation. [208] The timescale of long-term impacts are centuries to millennia due to CO 2 's long atmospheric lifetime. [209]
By doing so, the ocean has acted as a buffer, somewhat slowing the rise in atmospheric CO 2 levels. However, this absorption of anthropogenic CO 2 has also caused acidification of the oceans. [8] [10] Climate change, a result of this excess CO 2 in the atmosphere, has increased the temperature of the ocean and atmosphere. [11]
Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...
Although the amount of CO 2 introduced makes up only a small portion of the global carbon cycle, carbon dioxide's long residence time makes these emissions relevant for the total carbon balance. The increased carbon dioxide concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing changes to the global climate. Of the increased amounts of carbon ...
Ocean acidification has been called the "evil twin of global warming" and "the other CO 2 problem". [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Increased ocean temperatures and oxygen loss act concurrently with ocean acidification and constitute the "deadly trio" of climate change pressures on the marine environment. [ 24 ]
Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species, ocean pollution, ocean acidification and ocean warming. These impact marine ecosystems and food webs and may result in consequences as yet unrecognised for the biodiversity and continuation of marine life forms.
Trends of concern that require management include: over-fishing (beyond sustainable levels); [8] coral bleaching due to ocean warming, and ocean acidification due to increasing levels of dissolved carbon dioxide; [9] and sea level rise due to climate change. Because of their vastness oceans also act as a convenient dumping ground for human ...