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The black rat is a reservoir host for bubonic plague. The rat fleas that infest the rats are vectors for the disease. In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; [1] whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest . The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter.
A reservoir is usually a living host of a certain species, such as an animal or a plant, inside of which a pathogen survives, often (though not always) without causing disease for the reservoir itself. By some definitions a reservoir may also be an environment external to an organism, such as a volume of contaminated air or water. [1] [2]
Humans are the main reservoir hosts of L. tropica. [9] Rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) [9] are a possible reservoir in Israel. [10] Natural infection by L. tropica has also been demonstrated in domestic dogs, [10] red foxes, golden jackals, gundis, and other species of wild rodents. [3] The main sandfly [10] vector for L. tropica is ...
Spillover infection – cross-species transmission of pathogens from a domestic or wildlife animal reservoir to a new human host. Vector – organism, typically an insect or arachnid, that transmits pathogens from an infected host to a susceptible host individual. Zoonosis – infectious disease transmissible from animals to humans.
These three areas can have very different abiotic conditions and, hence, host species that are specifically adapted to live there. [1] Two important subclasses of lakes are ponds, which typically are small lakes that intergrade with wetlands, and water reservoirs. Over long periods of time, lakes, or bays within them, may gradually become ...
The yellow-spotted rock hyrax or bush hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei) is a species of mammal in the family Procaviidae.It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, northern South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
CHART #4: SIDE-BY-SIDE COMPARISON OF REPUBLICAN CANDIDATESÕ HEALTH PLANS By Susan J. Blumenthal, M.D., Jessica B. Rubin, Michelle E. Treseler, Jefferson Lin, and David Mattos* Sam Brownback Jim Gilmore Duncan Hunter Ron Paul, M.D. Tom Tancredo Stated Goals ! Create a consumer-centered, not government-centered, quality health care model
Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts.