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The power standing wave ratio (PSWR) is defined as the square of the VSWR, [3] however, this deprecated term has no direct physical relation to power actually involved in transmission. SWR is usually measured using a dedicated instrument called an SWR meter .
An SWR meter for CB radio equipment. A standing wave ratio meter, SWR meter, ISWR meter (current "I" SWR), or VSWR meter (voltage SWR) measures the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line. [a] The meter indirectly measures the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and its load (usually an antenna).
A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
where RL(dB) is the return loss in dB, P i is the incident power and P r is the reflected power. Return loss is related to both standing wave ratio (SWR) and reflection coefficient (Γ). Increasing return loss corresponds to lower SWR. Return loss is a measure of how well devices or lines are matched. A match is good if the return loss is high.
Mismatch loss represents the amount of power wasted in the system [dubious – discuss]. It can also be thought of as the amount of power gained if the system was perfectly matched [dubious – discuss]. Impedance matching is an important part of RF system design; however, in practice there will likely be some degree of mismatch loss. [1]
In telecommunications and transmission line theory, the reflection coefficient is the ratio of the complex amplitude of the reflected wave to that of the incident wave. The voltage and current at any point along a transmission line can always be resolved into forward and reflected traveling waves given a specified reference impedance Z 0.
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In electric power transmission, the characteristic impedance of a transmission line is expressed in terms of the surge impedance loading (SIL), or natural loading, being the power loading at which reactive power is neither produced nor absorbed: = in which is the RMS line-to-line voltage in volts.