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This new factor of unemployment, Pigou writes, could be solved with subsidies provided by the government to industries suffering the most, such as manufacturing. [14] Keynes argues against several points that Pigou makes in his Theory of Unemployment, but the most visible is Pigou’s theory that unemployment is either frictional or voluntary. [15]
Sweezy's first formally published paper on economics was a 1934 article entitled "Professor Pigou's Theory of Unemployment," published in the Journal of Political Economy in 1934. [3] Over the rest of the decade Sweezy wrote prolifically on economics-related topics, publishing some 25 articles and reviews. [3]
The Pigou effect was first popularised by Arthur Cecil Pigou in 1943, in The Classical Stationary State an article in the Economic Journal. [4] He had proposed the link from balances to consumption earlier, and Gottfried Haberler had made a similar objection the year after the General Theory's publication. [5]
Pigou and Keynes were associated with the constituent King's College (chapel shown above). [7] Macroeconomics descends from two areas of research: business cycle theory and monetary theory. [1] [2] Monetary theory dates back to the 16th century and the work of Martín de Azpilcueta, while business cycle analysis dates from the mid 19th. [2]
However, Pigou retained free market beliefs, and in 1933, in the face of the economic crisis, he explained in The Theory of Unemployment that the excessive intervention of the state in the labor market was the real cause of massive unemployment because the governments had established a minimal wage, which prevented wages from adjusting ...
He explained that firms operate at less than full capacity due to falling demand curves and maximization of profits at a certain output level. Robinson highlights the limitations and simplifications made in Pigou's analysis, particularly in terms of assumptions about demand conditions and the concept of price policy in manufacturing industries. [1]
Wage rates were discussed in a criticism of Pigou. [47] In autumn 1933 Keynes's lectures were much closer to the General Theory, including the consumption function, effective demand, and a statement of 'the inability of workers to bargain for a market-clearing real wage in a monetary economy'. [48] All that was missing was a theory of investment.
The Pigou–Dalton principle (PDP) is a principle in welfare economics, particularly in cardinal welfarism. Named after Arthur Cecil Pigou and Hugh Dalton, it is a condition on social welfare functions. It says that, all other things being equal, a social welfare function should prefer allocations that are more equitable. In other words, a ...