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Consider a long, thin wire of charge and length .To calculate the average linear charge density, ¯, of this one dimensional object, we can simply divide the total charge, , by the total length, : ¯ = If we describe the wire as having a varying charge (one that varies as a function of position along the length of the wire, ), we can write: = Each infinitesimal unit of charge, , is equal to ...
[1] [2] [3] Surface charge density (σ) is the quantity of charge per unit area, measured in coulombs per square meter (C⋅m −2), at any point on a surface charge distribution on a two dimensional surface. Linear charge density (λ) is the quantity of charge per unit length, measured in coulombs per meter (C⋅m −1), at any point on a line ...
We introduce the polarization density P, which has the following relation to E and D: = + and the following relation to the bound charge: = Now, consider the three equations: = = = The key insight is that the sum of the first two equations is the third equation.
The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
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The two charge carriers, electrons and holes, will typically have different drift velocities for the same electric field. Quasi- ballistic transport is possible in solids if the electrons are accelerated across a very small distance (as small as the mean free path ), or for a very short time (as short as the mean free time ).