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Methylxanthines are chemical compounds which are derivatives of xanthine with one or more methyl groups, including: One methyl group: 1-Methylxanthine;
7-Methylxanthine (7-MX), also known as heteroxanthine, is an active metabolite of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a non-selective antagonist of the adenosine receptors .
IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylxanthine derivatives, is both a: competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor [1] which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα [2] [3] and leukotriene [4] synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, [4] and; nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist. [5]
Xanthine (/ ˈ z æ n θ iː n / or / ˈ z æ n θ aɪ n /, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós ' yellow ' for its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. [2]
The affinities (K i) of MSX-2 for the human adenosine receptors are 5.38 to 14.5 nM for the adenosine A 2A receptor, 2,500 nM for the adenosine A 1 receptor (172- to 465-fold lower than for the A 2A receptor), and >10,000 nM for the adenosine A 2B and A 3 receptors (>690-fold lower than for the A 2A receptor).
Image credits: Photoglob Zürich "The product name Kodachrome resurfaced in the 1930s with a three-color chromogenic process, a variant that we still use today," Osterman continues.
Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). [1] Trace amounts of theophylline are naturally present in tea, coffee, chocolate, yerba maté, guarana, and kola nut. [1] [3] The name 'theophylline' derives from "Thea"—the former genus name for tea + Legacy Greek φύλλον (phúllon, "leaf") + -ine.
Image credits: Green____cat Cyber and media psychologist Mayra Ruiz-McPherson, PhD(c), MA, MFA, explains that broadly speaking, "negative news" can describe two kinds of events and happenings ...