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In the 1960s a new set of axioms for Euclidean geometry, suitable for American high school geometry courses, was introduced by the School Mathematics Study Group (SMSG), as a part of the New math curricula. This set of axioms follows the Birkhoff model of using the real numbers to gain quick entry into the geometric fundamentals.
The object of thought is deductive reasoning (simple proofs), which the student learns to combine to form a system of formal proofs (Euclidean geometry). Learners can construct geometric proofs at a secondary school level and understand their meaning. They understand the role of undefined terms, definitions, axioms and theorems in Euclidean ...
This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate. In several high school treatments of geometry, the term "exterior angle theorem" has been applied to a different result, [ 1 ] namely the portion of Proposition 1.32 which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is ...
Birkhoff's axiomatic system was utilized in the secondary-school textbook by Birkhoff and Beatley. [2] These axioms were also modified by the School Mathematics Study Group to provide a new standard for teaching high school geometry, known as SMSG axioms. A few other textbooks in the foundations of geometry use variants of Birkhoff's axioms. [3]
The American high-school geometry curriculum was eventually codified in 1912 and developed a distinctive American style of geometric demonstration for such courses, known as "two-column" proofs. [49] This remains largely true today, with Geometry as a proof-based high-school math class.
And although Gerry Leversha calls the book "eccentric" and states that it "is clearly nothing to do with any syllabus anywhere", Jensen suggests that its examples would make a good complement to coursework both in exploratory geometry using interactive geometry software and in a geometry course focused on the formal proof of geometry ...
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