Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The Four Prism Dioptre Reflex Test (also known as the 4 PRT, or 4 Prism Dioptre Base-out Test) is an objective, non-dissociative test used to prove the alignment of both eyes (i.e. the presence of binocular single vision) by assessing motor fusion. [1]
A fixation disparity is not constant within a certain observer, but can vary depending on the viewing conditions. If test prisms with increasing amount are placed in front of the observer’s eyes, the fixation disparity changes in the eso direction with base-in prisms and in the exo direction with base-out prisms (Fig. 3).
The Maddox rod test is a subjective method to measure horizontal and vertical deviations of the eyes, using a red line and a white light. The double Maddox rod test can also assess torsion and cyclotropias, by comparing the angles of two red lines.
Esotropia is a condition in which one or both eyes deviate inward, causing a cross-eyed appearance. It can be constant or intermittent, and has different types and causes, such as hyperopia, congenital, or accommodative factors.
Vergence is the simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision. Learn about the different types of vergence, such as convergence, divergence and fusional vergence, and the common vergence dysfunctions that affect eye alignment and vision.
Learn about the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses, ponies and other equids, including donkeys, mules and zebras. Find out the names and functions of the bones, joints, muscles and organs of the horse body, as well as the colloquial terms used by equestrians.
Base Narrow in Front: Toed-Out or Toed-In. The feet are closer together and more under the body than the shoulders; Fairly common fault; Base-narrow, toed-out: Stresses the outside structures of the limb, especially the outside of the foot. Causes a winging motion, leading to interfering. Predisposes the horse to plaiting.
The Hirschberg test, also known as the Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a method to assess ocular misalignment by observing the light reflex on the cornea. It can detect exotropia, esotropia, hypertropia or hypotropia and is used in optometry and ophthalmology.