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In patients with acute symptomatic hypocalcemia, intravenous (IV) calcium gluconate is the preferred therapy, whereas chronic hypocalcemia is treated with oral calcium and vitamin D supplements. The treatment of hypocalcemia will be reviewed here.
The diagnostic approach to hypocalcemia involves confirming, by repeat measurement, the presence of hypocalcemia and distinguishing among the potential etiologies. The diagnosis may be obvious from the patient's history; examples include chronic kidney disease and postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.
Recognize the clinical signs and symptoms associated with hypocalcemia, including muscle cramps, paresthesia, and Chvostek's or Trousseau's signs. Distinguish between primary and secondary causes of hypocalcemia, such as parathyroid dysfunction or vitamin D deficiency, through diagnostic evaluation.
Hypocalcemia may be associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations (table 1), ranging from few (if any) symptoms if the hypocalcemia is mild to life-threatening seizures, refractory heart failure, or laryngospasm if it is severe.
For adults, a normal range is usually 8.5 to 10.2 milligrams/deciliter (2.15 to 2.55 millimoles/liter), though some labs use different ranges. Normal levels are slightly higher in children and...
Many different health conditions can cause hypocalcemia, and it’s often caused by abnormal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or vitamin D in your body. Hypocalcemia can be mild or severe and temporary or chronic (lifelong).
Hypocalcemia. References. Background. Serum Levels. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Low: <8.9 mg/dL [1] (Ionized: <4.8 mg/dL or <1.20 millimol/L [2]) Critical low: <6.6 mg/dL [3] (Ionized: <3.5 mg/dL [4]) Correct for hypoalbumimia. Corrected Ca = (0.8 * (Normal Alb - Patient's Alb)) + Serum Ca. Fraction [5]
In hypocalcemia, the calcium level in blood is too low. A low calcium level may result from a problem with the parathyroid glands, as well as from diet, kidney disorders, or certain medications.
Hypocalcemia is a total serum calcium concentration < 8.8 mg/dL (< 2.20 mmol/L) in the presence of normal plasma protein concentrations or a serum ionized calcium concentration < 4.7 mg/dL (< 1.17 mmol/L). Causes include hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and renal disease.
Signs of neuromuscular irritability (e.g., paresthesias, spasms and cramps) are the most characteristic features of hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is a state of low serum calcium levels (total Ca2+ < 8.5 mg/dL or ionized Ca2+ < 4.65 mg/dL).