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The properties of steel depend on its microstructure: the arrangement of different phases, some harder, some with greater ductility. At the atomic level, the four phases of auto steel include martensite (the hardest yet most brittle), bainite (less hard), ferrite (more ductile), and austenite (the most ductile). The phases are arranged by ...
The noun steel originates from the Proto-Germanic adjective *stahlijÄ… or *stakhlijan 'made of steel', which is related to *stahlaz or *stahlijÄ… 'standing firm'. [4] The carbon content of steel is between 0.02% and 2.14% by weight for plain carbon steel (iron-carbon alloys). Too little carbon content leaves (pure) iron quite soft, ductile, and ...
Steel is made from iron and carbon. Cast iron is a hard, brittle material that is difficult to work, whereas steel is malleable, relatively easily formed and versatile. On its own, iron is not strong, but a low concentration of carbon – less than 1 percent, depending on the kind of steel – gives steel strength and other important properties.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term alloy steel usually only refers to steels that contain other elements— like vanadium, molybdenum, or cobalt—in amounts sufficient to alter the properties of the base steel. Since ancient times, when steel was used primarily for tools and weapons, the methods of producing and working the ...
Anol, also known as p-hydroxypropenylbenzene, [1] is a simple phenol that was derived via demethylation from anethole, an estrogenic constituent of anise and fennel, by Sir Charles Dodds in 1937. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was reported to possess extremely potent estrogenic activity on par with that of steroidal estrogens like estrone , with a dose of 1 ...
Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), and rustless steel, is an iron-based alloy containing a minimum level of chromium that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion results from the 10.5%, or more, chromium content which forms a passive film that can protect the material ...
Iron alloys are most broadly divided by their carbon content: cast iron has 2–4% carbon impurities; wrought iron oxidizes away most of its carbon, to less than 0.1%. The much more valuable steel has a delicately intermediate carbon fraction, and its material properties range according to the carbon percentage: high carbon steel is stronger but more brittle than low carbon steel.
A steel manufactured to have a very low thermal expansion: 36% Ni: Kamacite: A native metal found in meteoric iron: Fe [0.9] Ni [0.1] Maraging steel: A strong, malleable variant of steel: 15–25% Ni: Meteoric iron: A native combination of mostly kamacite and taenite, and minor amounts of tetrataenite, antitaenite, and awaruite: 5–30% Ni: Mu ...