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The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken. [131] The virus is transmitted by aerosol and food contaminated by feces. Different vaccines against IBV exist and have helped to limit the spread of the virus and its variants. [127] Infectious bronchitis virus is one of a number of strains of the species Avian coronavirus. [133]
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) 1971 [25] Infects pigs. Caused outbreaks in 1972 [26] and 1978, [27] 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015. [28] Dogs Enteritis: Canine coronavirus (CCoV) 1971 Cats Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) Feline coronavirus (FCoV) Cattle: Enteritis: Bovine coronavirus (BCV or BCoV) Humans Severe acute respiratory ...
In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2019-nCoV [35] and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease [36] as interim names for the virus and disease per 2015 guidance and international guidelines against using geographical locations or groups of people in disease and virus names to prevent social stigma.
Scanning electron micrograph of SARS virions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-1. It causes an often severe illness and is marked initially by systemic symptoms of muscle pain, headache, and fever, followed in 2–14 days by the onset of respiratory symptoms, [13] mainly cough, dyspnea, and pneumonia.
Virus infections start when viral particles bind to host surface cellular receptors. [158] Protein modeling experiments on the spike protein of the virus soon suggested that SARS‑CoV‑2 has sufficient affinity to the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on human cells to use them as a mechanism of cell entry . [ 159 ]
As of 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‑2).
Gammacoronavirus (Gamma-CoV) is one of the four genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-) of coronaviruses.It is in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the family Coronaviridae.
The COVID-19 virus has not been detected in drinking water. [82] Conventional water treatment (filtration and disinfection) inactivates or removes the virus. [82] COVID-19 virus RNA is found in untreated wastewater, [82] [22] [83] [a] but there is no evidence of COVID-19 transmission through exposure to untreated wastewater or sewerage systems ...