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[15] [16] [17] A supply chain, as opposed to supply chain management, is a set of firms who move materials "forward", [18] or a set of organizations, directly linked by one or more upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, or information from a source to a customer. Supply chain management is the management of such a chain.
There are a variety of supply-chain models, which address both the upstream and downstream elements of supply-chain management (SCM). The SCOR ( Supply-Chain Operations Reference ) model, developed by a consortium of industry and the non-profit Supply Chain Council (now part of APICS ) became the cross-industry de facto standard defining the ...
IAS 1 sets out the purpose of financial statements as the provision of useful information on the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity, and categorizes the information provided into assets, liabilities, income and expenses, contributions by and distribution to owners, and cash flows.
The terms hydrocarbon accounting and allocation are sometimes used interchangeably. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Hydrocarbon accounting has a wider scope, taking advantages of allocation results, it is the petroleum management process by which ownership of extracted hydrocarbons is determined and tracked from a point of sale or discharge back to the point of ...
For example, $225K would be understood to mean $225,000, and $3.6K would be understood to mean $3,600. Multiple K's are not commonly used to represent larger numbers. In other words, it would look odd to use $1.2KK to represent $1,200,000. Ke – Is used as an abbreviation for Cost of Equity (COE).
A first-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary/child company of the ultimate parent company, [note 1] [4] while a second-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a first-tier subsidiary: a "grandchild" of the main parent company. [5] Consequently, a third-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a second-tier subsidiary—a "great-grandchild" of the main parent ...
For example, consider the accounts payable department when processing an invoice. With an accounting information system, an accounts payable clerk enters the invoice, provided by a vendor, into the system where it is then stored in the database. When goods from the vendor are received, a receipt is created and also entered into the AIS.
Switching cost and product differentiation : based on a new insight that pricing incentive choice of a downstream producer may change by vertical integration, downstream firms are more likely to switch to a different supplier if the investment by firms in a particular relationship is low, or if the input market is similar to the spot market. In ...