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The retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein) is a major vein of the face. It is formed within the parotid gland by the confluence of the maxillary vein , and superficial temporal vein .
It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. There are valves in the facial vein. [1] Its walls are not so flaccid as most superficial veins.
The gland has three borders – anterior, medial, and posterior. The parotid gland has two ends – a superior end in the form of a small superior surface and an inferior end (apex). A number of different structures pass through the gland. From lateral to medial, these are: Facial nerve; Retromandibular vein; External carotid artery
The facial vein usually unites with the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone.
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posteriorly, by the tympanic part of the temporal bone, [1] and the spina angularis of the sphenoid. superiorly , by the greater wing of the sphenoid below the infratemporal crest , and by the under surface of the temporal squama , containing the foramen ovale , which transmits the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve , and the foramen ...
[1]: 355 It arises from an anastomosing venous plexus on the side and top of the head. The superficial temporal vein terminates within the substance of the parotid gland [ citation needed ] by uniting with the maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein .
The external jugular vein is a paired jugular vein which receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein.